chore: 补充后端核心模块的中文注释

.gitea/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -7,11 +7,8 @@ on:
       - main
       - master
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
 concurrency:
-  group: ci-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  group: ci-${{ gitea.workflow }}-${{ gitea.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:

backend/cmd/worker/main.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
 	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
+	amqp "github.com/rabbitmq/amqp091-go"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ const (
 	popularityBindingKey = "video.popularity.*"
 )
 
+// 带重试机制的基础设施连接函数
 func connectWithRetry(name string, maxRetries int, fn func() error) {
 	for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
 		if err := fn(); err == nil {
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ func connectWithRetry(name string, maxRetries int, fn func() error) {
 	log.Fatalf("%s: 超过最大重试次数", name)
 }
 
-// runWorkerWithRetry 为每个 Worker 创建独立 Channel，断开后自动重连
+// runWorkerWithRetry 为每个 Worker 创建独立 Channel 并设置 QoS，断开后自动重连
 func runWorkerWithRetry(ctx context.Context, name string, conn *amqp.Connection, fn func(*amqp.Channel) error) {
 	for {
 		select {

backend/internal/feed/handler.go

@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ func (f *FeedHandler) ListByPopularity(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(200, resp)
 }
 
+// 在返回的 FeedVideoItem 列表中，如果列表为 nil，则返回空切片，避免 JSON 序列化为 null
 func nonNilFeedVideoItems(items []FeedVideoItem) []FeedVideoItem {
 	if items == nil {
 		return []FeedVideoItem{}

backend/internal/feed/repo.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ func NewFeedRepository(db *gorm.DB) *FeedRepository {
 	return &FeedRepository{db: db}
 }
 
+// 查询最新视频. limit: 查询数量  latestBefore: 查询早于此时间的视频(零值则不限制)
 func (repo *FeedRepository) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefore time.Time) ([]*video.Video, error) {
 	var videos []*video.Video
 	query := repo.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&video.Video{}).
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ func (repo *FeedRepository) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBef
 	return videos, nil
 }
 
+// 查询点赞数最多的视频. limit: 查询数量  cursor: 游标
 func (repo *FeedRepository) ListLikesCountWithCursor(ctx context.Context, limit int, cursor *LikesCountCursor) ([]*video.Video, error) {
 	var videos []*video.Video
 	query := repo.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&video.Video{}).
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ func (repo *FeedRepository) ListLikesCountWithCursor(ctx context.Context, limit
 	return videos, nil
 }
 
+// 查询关注用户的视频. limit: 查询数量  viewerAccountID: 查看者账户ID  latestBefore: 查询早于此时间的视频(零值则不限制)
 func (repo *FeedRepository) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, viewerAccountID uint, latestBefore time.Time) ([]*video.Video, error) {
 	var videos []*video.Video
 	query := repo.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&video.Video{}).
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ func (repo *FeedRepository) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, view
 	return videos, nil
 }
 
+// 查询热门视频. limit: 查询数量  popularityBefore: 查询热度低于此值的视频  timeBefore: 查询早于此时间的视频  idBefore: 查询ID小于此值的视频
 func (repo *FeedRepository) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, popularityBefore int64, timeBefore time.Time, idBefore uint) ([]*video.Video, error) {
 	var videos []*video.Video
 	query := repo.db.WithContext(ctx).Model(&video.Video{}).

backend/internal/feed/service.go

@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ func NewFeedService(repo *FeedRepository, likeRepo *video.LikeRepository, redisc
 	return &FeedService{repo: repo, likeRepo: likeRepo, rediscache: rediscache, localcache: cache.New(3*time.Second, 5*time.Second), cacheTTL: 24 * time.Hour}
 }
 
+// GetVideoByIDs 批量获取视频信息
+// 采用 L1(本地缓存) -> L2(Redis) -> L3(MySQL) 三级架构
 func (f *FeedService) GetVideoByIDs(ctx context.Context, videoIDs []uint) ([]*video.Video, error) {
-	// GetVideoByIDs 批量获取视频信息
-	// 采用 L1(本地缓存) -> L2(Redis) -> L3(MySQL) 三级架构
 	if len(videoIDs) == 0 {
 		return []*video.Video{}, nil
 	}
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ func (f *FeedService) GetVideoByIDs(ctx context.Context, videoIDs []uint) ([]*vi
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(videoID uint) {
 			defer wg.Done()
+
+			// singleflight 防止缓存击穿
 			sfKey := f.rediscache.Key("sf:entity:%d", videoID)
 
 			v, err, _ := f.requestGroup.Do(sfKey, func() (interface{}, error) {
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefore ti
 
 	isZsetEmpty := len(zsetTail) == 0
 
+	// ZSet 为空时尝试重建 ZSet
 	if isZsetEmpty {
 		//全局静态锁：无视所有用户的不同时间戳游标
 		sfKey := f.rediscache.Key("sf:fallback:global_timeline_rebuild")
@@ -195,10 +198,11 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefore ti
 			return ListLatestResponse{HasMore: false}, nil
 		}
 
-		// 让所有被阻塞的请求重新查一遍
+		// 递归调用自己，让所有被阻塞的请求重新查一遍
 		return f.ListLatest(ctx, limit, latestBefore, viewerAccountID)
 	}
 
+	// watermark 是 ZSET 中最老的一条数据的时间戳; reqTime 是本次请求的时间戳(如果没有传 latestBefore，则使用当前时间)
 	watermark := int64(zsetTail[0].Score)
 	reqTime := time.Now().UnixMilli()
 	if !latestBefore.IsZero() {
@@ -228,11 +232,19 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefore ti
 			maxScore = fmt.Sprintf("%d", reqTime-1) // 防重复
 		}
 
-		videoIDsStr, err := f.rediscache.ZRevRangeByScore(ctx, f.rediscache.Key("feed:global_timeline"), maxScore, "-inf", 0, int64(limit))
+		videoIDsStr, err := f.rediscache.ZRevRangeByScore(
+			ctx,
+			f.rediscache.Key("feed:global_timeline"),
+			maxScore,
+			"-inf",
+			0,
+			int64(limit),
+		)
 		if err != nil {
 			return ListLatestResponse{}, err
 		}
 
+		// 将字符串 ID 转换为 uint
 		var videoIDs []uint
 		for _, idStr := range videoIDsStr {
 			if id, err := strconv.ParseUint(idStr, 10, 64); err == nil {
@@ -247,7 +259,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListLatest(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefore ti
 			}
 		}
 
-		// 刚好击穿了冷热边界
+		// 刚好击穿了冷热边界，从数据库中再拉一些冷数据补齐
 		if len(baseVideos) < limit {
 			remainLimit := limit - len(baseVideos) // 计算还差几个
 
@@ -381,6 +393,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefo
 			token, locked, _ := f.rediscache.Lock(cacheCtx, lockKey, 500*time.Millisecond)
 			if locked {
 				defer func() { _ = f.rediscache.Unlock(context.Background(), lockKey, token) }()
+				// Double check：再次检查缓存是否被其他请求回写
 				if b, err := f.rediscache.GetBytes(cacheCtx, cacheKey); err == nil {
 					var cached ListByFollowingResponse
 					if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &cached); err == nil {
@@ -396,7 +409,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefo
 					}
 					return resp, nil
 				}
-			} else {
+			} else { // 加锁失败，循环等待缓存被其他请求回写
 				for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
 					time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
 					if b, err := f.rediscache.GetBytes(cacheCtx, cacheKey); err == nil {
@@ -410,11 +423,12 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefo
 		}
 	}
 
+	// 缓存未命中或 Redis 不可用，降级成数据库查询
 	resp, err := doListByFollowingFromDB()
 	if err != nil {
 		return ListByFollowingResponse{}, err
 	}
-	if cacheKey != "" {
+	if cacheKey != "" { // 缓存回写
 		if b, err := json.Marshal(resp); err == nil {
 			cacheCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 50*time.Millisecond)
 			defer cancel()
@@ -427,22 +441,25 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByFollowing(ctx context.Context, limit int, latestBefo
 func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf int64, offset int, viewerAccountID uint, latestPopularity int64, latestBefore time.Time, latestIDBefore uint) (ListByPopularityResponse, error) {
 	// Redis 热榜（稳定分页：as_of + offset）
 	if f.rediscache != nil {
+		// 将 as_of 截断到分钟级
 		asOf := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Minute)
 		if reqAsOf > 0 {
 			asOf = time.Unix(reqAsOf, 0).UTC().Truncate(time.Minute)
 		}
 
+		// 创建时间窗口，获取过去 60 分钟的 ZSET
 		const win = 60
 		keys := make([]string, 0, win)
 		for i := 0; i < win; i++ {
 			keys = append(keys, f.rediscache.Key("hot:video:1m:%s", asOf.Add(-time.Duration(i)*time.Minute).Format("200601021504")))
 		}
 
-		dest := f.rediscache.Key("hot:video:merge:1m:%s", asOf.Format("200601021504")) // 快照key：同一个as_of页内复用
+		// 创建快照key：同一个as_of页内复用
+		dest := f.rediscache.Key("hot:video:merge:1m:%s", asOf.Format("200601021504"))
 		opCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 80*time.Millisecond)
 		defer cancel()
 
-		exists, _ := f.rediscache.Exists(opCtx, dest)
+		exists, _ := f.rediscache.Exists(opCtx, dest) // 检查合并快照是否已存在
 		if !exists {
 			_ = f.rediscache.ZUnionStore(opCtx, dest, keys, "SUM")
 			_ = f.rediscache.Expire(opCtx, dest, 2*time.Minute) // 给翻页留时间
@@ -462,6 +479,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 			}
 		}
 		if err == nil && len(members) > 0 {
+			// 将字符串 ID 转换为 uint
 			ids := make([]uint, 0, len(members))
 			for _, m := range members {
 				u, err := strconv.ParseUint(m, 10, 64)
@@ -470,6 +488,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 				}
 			}
 
+			// 根据 ID 批量获取视频信息
 			videos, err := f.repo.GetByIDs(ctx, ids)
 			if err == nil {
 				byID := make(map[uint]*video.Video, len(videos))
@@ -477,7 +496,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 					byID[v.ID] = v
 				}
 				ordered := make([]*video.Video, 0, len(ids))
-				for _, id := range ids {
+				for _, id := range ids { // 按 Redis 返回的顺序重新排列
 					if v := byID[id]; v != nil {
 						ordered = append(ordered, v)
 					}
@@ -492,7 +511,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 					NextOffset: offset + len(items),
 					HasMore:    len(items) == limit,
 				}
-				if len(ordered) > 0 {
+				if len(ordered) > 0 { // 准备最后一条视频的游标信息，供 DB fallback 使用
 					last := ordered[len(ordered)-1]
 					nextPopularity := last.Popularity
 					nextBefore := last.CreateTime
@@ -506,6 +525,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 		}
 	}
 
+	// DB fallback（游标分页：latestPopularity + latestBefore + latestIDBefore）
 	videos, err := f.repo.ListByPopularity(ctx, limit, latestPopularity, latestBefore, latestIDBefore)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ListByPopularityResponse{}, err
@@ -532,6 +552,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) ListByPopularity(ctx context.Context, limit int, reqAsOf i
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
+// 将 Video 列表转换为 FeedVideoItem 列表，并批量查询填充当前用户对所有视频的点赞状态
 func (f *FeedService) buildFeedVideos(ctx context.Context, videos []*video.Video, viewerAccountID uint) ([]FeedVideoItem, error) {
 	feedVideos := make([]FeedVideoItem, 0, len(videos))
 	videoIDs := make([]uint, len(videos))
@@ -558,6 +579,7 @@ func (f *FeedService) buildFeedVideos(ctx context.Context, videos []*video.Video
 	return feedVideos, nil
 }
 
+// 将视频列表按照给定的 ID 顺序(orderedIDs)重新排序
 func buildOrderedResult(orderedIDs []uint, dataMap map[uint]*video.Video) []*video.Video {
 	res := make([]*video.Video, 0, len(orderedIDs))
 	for _, id := range orderedIDs {

backend/internal/middleware/rabbitmq/dlx.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func DeclareDLX(ch *amqp.Channel, queueName string) error {
 	}
 	dlxQueue := queueName + ".dlx"
 	_, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
-		dlxQueue, true, false, false, false, nil,
+		dlxQueue, true, false, false, false, nil, // 死信队列不设置 DLX
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

backend/internal/middleware/rabbitmq/likeMQ.go

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ const (
 	likeQueue      = "like.events"
 	likeBindingKey = "like.*"
 
-	likeLikeRK   = "like.like"
+	likeLikeRK   = "like.like"   // 点赞路由键
-	likeUnlikeRK = "like.unlike"
+	likeUnlikeRK = "like.unlike" // 取消点赞路由键
 )
 
 type LikeEvent struct {

backend/internal/middleware/rabbitmq/rabbitMQ.go

@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ func DeclareTopic(ch *amqp.Channel, exchange string, queue string, bindingKey st
 	}
 
 	q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
-		queue,
+		queue, // 队列名称
-		true,
+		true,  // 持久化
-		false,
+		false, // autoDelete 是否在未使用时自动删除
-		false,
+		false, // exclusive 是否排他（允许多个消费者共享）
-		false,
+		false, // noWait 是否不等待 broker 确认
-		amqp.Table{"x-dead-letter-exchange": DLXExchange},
+		amqp.Table{"x-dead-letter-exchange": DLXExchange}, // 死信交换机
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ func DeclareTopic(ch *amqp.Channel, exchange string, queue string, bindingKey st
 		q.Name,
 		bindingKey,
 		exchange,
-		false,
+		false, // noWait
-		nil,
+		nil,   // args
 	); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ func PublishJSON(ctx context.Context, ch *amqp.Channel, exchange string, routing
 		return err
 	}
 	return ch.PublishWithContext(ctx, exchange, routingKey, false, false, amqp.Publishing{
-		ContentType:  "application/json",
+		ContentType:  "application/json", // 消息格式
-		DeliveryMode: amqp.Persistent,
+		DeliveryMode: amqp.Persistent,    // 消息持久化到磁盘, 值为 1 则不持久化, 值为 2 则持久化, amqp.Presistent 为 2
-		Timestamp:    time.Now(),
+		Timestamp:    time.Now(),         // 消息产生的时间戳
-		Body:         b,
+		Body:         b,                  // 实际消息内容(JSON字节)
 	})
 }
 

backend/internal/social/service.go

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ func (s *SocialService) Unfollow(ctx context.Context, social *Social) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// 失效关注列表缓存，确保下次查询时能获取到最新的关注列表
 func (s *SocialService) invalidateFollowingFeedCache(ctx context.Context, accountID uint) {
 	if s.cache == nil {
 		return

backend/internal/video/like_repo.go

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ func (r *LikeRepository) IsLiked(ctx context.Context, videoID, accountID uint) (
 	return count > 0, nil
 }
 
+// 查询给定视频 ID 列表中，哪些视频被指定账户点赞过
 func (r *LikeRepository) BatchGetLiked(ctx context.Context, videoIDs []uint, accountID uint) (map[uint]bool, error) {
 	likeMap := make(map[uint]bool)
 	if len(videoIDs) == 0 {

backend/internal/worker/likeworker.go

@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ func (w *LikeWorker) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	deliveries, err := w.ch.Consume(
-		w.queue,
+		w.queue, // 队列名
-		"",
+		"",      // 消费者标签，空代表让 RabbitMQ 自动生成一个唯一的标签
-		false,
+		false,   // autoAck = false 采用手动确认模式
-		false,
+		false,   // exclusive = false 允许多个消费者同时消费同一个队列
-		false,
+		false,   // noLocal = false 允许消费者接收自己发送的消息
-		false,
+		false,   // noWait = false 阻塞等待 RabbitMQ 的响应
-		nil,
+		nil,     // args
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err

backend/internal/worker/outboxworker.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )
 
+// 轮询器，轮询数据库中的 outbox 表，获取待投递的消息，投递到 MQ 中
 func StartOutboxPoller(db *gorm.DB, tmq *rabbitmq.TimelineMQ) {
 	if db == nil || tmq == nil {
 		log.Printf("Outbox poller disabled: timeline mq is not initialized")
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ func StartOutboxPoller(db *gorm.DB, tmq *rabbitmq.TimelineMQ) {
 	}()
 }
 
+// 消费者，消费 MQ 中的消息，写入 Redis 的 Zset 中
 func StartConsumer(tmq *rabbitmq.TimelineMQ, queueName string, redisClient *rediscache.Client, rmq *rabbitmq.RabbitMQ) {
 	if tmq == nil || rmq == nil || rmq.Conn == nil {
 		log.Printf("Timeline consumer disabled: rabbitmq is not initialized")
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@ func StartConsumer(tmq *rabbitmq.TimelineMQ, queueName string, redisClient *redi
 				continue
 			}
 
+			// 设置当前 Channel 的 QoS（Quality of Service）参数，控制消息的预取数量和大小
+			// prefetch count = 10 一次最多取10个消息, prefetch size = 0 不限制预取的字节大小, global = false Qos 设置只对当前 Channel 生效
 			if err := ch.Qos(10, 0, false); err != nil {
 				log.Printf("Timeline consumer: QoS 设置失败: %v", err)
 			}